Women protest against the rape and killing of a trainee doctor at a government hospital in India this August. Anuwar Hazarika/NurPhoto via Getty Images/NurPhoto hide caption

Mahamat Djouma is happy when he gets a chance to play soccer. But most of the time this teenage refugee he is busy taking care of his five-year-old twin brothers and trying to earn money for food. Claire Harbage/NPR hide caption

Mahamat Djouma, 14, fled the war in Sudan without parents; his mother died in 2023 and his father subsequently disappeared. He came with 5-year-old twin brothers, whom he now cares for. Entesar, a 21-year-old student, also fled to escape the violence -- and was raped by three soldiers. She asked to be identified by her middle name since she has not yet told close family members about the attack. Claire Harbage/NPR hide caption

Abrar Saleh Ali, 17, arrived at the Milé refugee camp in Eastern Chad in early September, after the civil war in Sudan destroyed her home and she was separated from her family. (Her dad had died earlier from an illness.) It took months for her to walk across the country and reach the camp. Along the way she was robbed of all her belongings and found out that her sister had been killed. Claire Harbage/NPR hide caption

Hawa Miso, 70, collects leaves to use as vegetables on the hillside near the Rabang camp for internally displaced persons in Rabang, in Sudan's Nuba Mountains. Approximately 10 million Sudanese have been displaced by the civil war that broke out in 2023. A team of experts backed by the United Nations believes the country is experiencing famine. But the government does not agree. Guy Peterson/AFP via Getty Images hide caption

A magnification of the head of a midge larva. Midges — biting flies — and mosquitoes are spreading the Oropouche virus in Latin America, which is reporting higher numbers in 2024. Frank Fox/Science Photo Library//Science Source hide caption