Live Updates: Winter Storms 2021 The latest on extreme weather that has cut power to millions and hobbled swaths of the U.S.

Live Updates: Winter Storms 2021

The latest on extreme weather that has cut power to millions and hobbled swaths of the U.S.

One week after winter storms triggered boil-water notices in Texas, more than 8.7 million people are still affected. Here, a volunteer loads food and bottled water at a mass distribution site in Del Valle, Texas. Thomas Ryan Allison/Bloomberg via Getty Images hide caption

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Thomas Ryan Allison/Bloomberg via Getty Images

One week after winter storms triggered boil-water notices in Texas, more than 8.7 million people are still affected. Here, a volunteer loads food and bottled water at a mass distribution site in Del Valle, Texas.

Thomas Ryan Allison/Bloomberg via Getty Images

Some 8,707,769 people remain under boil water notices in Texas, as utilities struggle to get water pressure back up to safe levels in the wake of catastrophic winter storms and record cold temperatures.

The 8.7 million figure is a sharp drop from the more than 12 million people who were under boil-water notices on Sunday – but it's still roughly comparable to the entire populations of states such as Virginia or New Jersey.

Across the state, 1,259 boil water notices remain in effect, the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality said on Monday. The extreme cold weather has caused chaos in Texas for more than a week; only 285 boil-water notices have been lifted so far, according to the agency's data.

The state regulator requires water companies to issue a boil-water notice if unsafe conditions arise, such as if water distribution pressure drops below 20 psi, or if a utility's water disinfection equipment cannot function properly. Because of power outages and burst pipes, those conditions have plagued many Texas communities in the past week.

Those conditions must be improved and water samples must be found safe before a boil-water notice can be lifted. Utilities that have rescinded water notices include the large system in Houston, as Houston Public Media reports. The city advised residents to run cold water for a minute to flush their pipes, among other measures.

People who are affected by a boil-water notice should boil water for at least two minutes before it can be used, the Texas environmental commission says. It adds that boiled water should be used for everything from washing fruit to brewing coffee and brushing teeth.

Emergency agencies and utilities are now operating water distribution centers in communities across Texas. As member station KERA reports, many people who live in the Dallas-Fort Worth area and other parts of North Texas are still relying on such outlets for clean drinking water.

The San Antonio Water System planned to shut down its water distribution centers around noon on Monday, citing success in restoring safe water conditions in more than 80% of its service area. On the city's outskirts, large areas north and west remain under boil-water notices, but they're expected to be declared safe later Monday, as member station Texas Public Radio reports.

In Austin, a boil-water notice that was issued on Wednesday is now lifted for many central neighborhoods, but many other parts of the city remain under the restrictions, according to member station KUT.

Cristian Pavon's family says negligence caused his death last week at age 11. Their home had been without power for two days as extreme cold hit Texas, a relative says. Here, an electrical substation is seen in Houston on Sunday. Justin Sullivan/Getty Images hide caption

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Justin Sullivan/Getty Images

Cristian Pavon's family says negligence caused his death last week at age 11. Their home had been without power for two days as extreme cold hit Texas, a relative says. Here, an electrical substation is seen in Houston on Sunday.

Justin Sullivan/Getty Images

A Houston-area family whose son died during an extended power outage is suing its electricity provider and the agency that oversees most of Texas' energy grid. The family of Cristian Pavon says he died at age 11 because of negligence.

The family lives in Conroe, a city about 45 miles north of central Houston. Like millions of other people in Texas, the family members were forced to live without power as a wave of record-setting cold temperatures created chaos and life-threatening conditions across the state.

Cristian died last Tuesday when the temperature in Conroe had dropped to 12 degrees, according to Jaliza Yera, a relative who set up a fundraising page for his parents. At the time, the family's home had been without electricity for two days, Yera said.

The lawsuit says the child "died of hypothermia, and the family is asking for more than $100 million in damages," Houston TV station KHOU reported, adding that the medical examiner's office has not yet released a cause of death for the boy.

The family is suing Entergy Texas, its electricity provider, and the Electric Reliability Council of Texas, which manages nearly all of the state's power grid.

"We are deeply saddened by the loss of life in our community," an Entergy Texas spokesperson said when reached for comment on Monday. "We are unable to comment due to pending litigation."

Entergy and other electricity providers in Texas began imposing rolling blackouts early last Monday after the state's grid operator issued an energy emergency declaration that cited sharply reduced power generation due to last week's winter storm. Customers also lost power because of fallen power lines and other damage to the electrical distribution system.

In its own widely cited statement about the lawsuit, the Electric Reliability Council of Texas said it is reviewing the litigation. It also defended the decision to impose rolling blackouts, noting that the storm had knocked out nearly half of the state's normal level of power generation from privately owned sources.

Cristian's family filed suit days after many Texans — including Gov. Greg Abbott — criticized the Electric Reliability Council of Texas.

"The Electric Reliability Council of Texas has been anything but reliable over the past 48 hours," Abbott said last Tuesday, calling for an investigation into the catastrophic failure of the electrical grid.

"Far too many Texans are without power and heat for their homes as our state faces freezing temperatures and severe winter weather," the governor said, adding, "This is unacceptable."

Abbott made those remarks last Tuesday. It wasn't until days later, on Friday, that the Electric Reliability Council of Texas lifted its order for rotating blackouts and energy conservation.

Cristian's family is being represented by attorney Tony Buzbee, who accuses energy providers of making decisions based on generating profits rather than keeping customers safe, according to an interview with TV station KTRK.

Buzbee also said he expects more lawsuits to arise in the near future over how the winter storm system was handled.

As of Saturday morning, Entergy Texas said, it had restored power to all customers who were affected by last week's snow and ice storms.

Power lines near Houston on Feb. 16. Some Texas residents are facing enormous power bills after wholesale prices for electricity skyrocketed amid last week's massive grid failure. David J. Phillip/AP hide caption

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David J. Phillip/AP

Power lines near Houston on Feb. 16. Some Texas residents are facing enormous power bills after wholesale prices for electricity skyrocketed amid last week's massive grid failure.

David J. Phillip/AP

Millions of Texas residents suffered last week when a winter storm caused a statewide electrical grid failure. But those who had power, even intermittently, are also paying a price — literally.

Many residents face enormous bills for the electricity they used during the storm.

Residents with variable-rate power plans are being hit the hardest. Such plans charge different prices for electricity depending on how much demand there is. The more demand, the higher the price.

Variable-rate plans are enticing to many people because the price of electricity is often low during normal weather conditions and because it theoretically allows people to use more electricity when the price is lower — for example, by running appliances overnight.

But when a winter storm caused Texas' grid to all but shut down last week, the wholesale price of electricity skyrocketed.

One of the most popular wholesale plans in the state is offered by the company Griddy. As the storm moved in, the company took the extraordinary step of urging its customers to switch to a different electricity provider. But it was too late for many residents. Switching electricity companies can take days, and in the meantime the price of electricity increased dramatically.

Griddy customers have taken to social media to post harrowing examples of electricity bills gone haywire.

Griddy laid the blame with the Electric Reliability Council of Texas, which manages the vast majority of the state's grid, and the Public Utility Commission of Texas. As the storm caused temperatures across the state to plummet early last week, the utility commission ordered ERCOT to allow prices to increase to reflect the lack of supply. As a result, electricity prices skyrocketed.

The average price for electricity in Texas in the winter is about 12 cents per kilowatt-hour, according to the U.S. Energy Information Administration. Texas utility regulators allowed that price to rise to $9 per kilowatt-hour.

Officials for ERCOT and the Public Utility Commission of Texas were not immediately available for comment.

"We intend to fight this for, and alongside, our customers for equity and accountability – to reveal why such price increases were allowed to happen as millions of Texans went without power," Griddy's leaders wrote in a blog post.

On Saturday, Texas Gov. Greg Abbott held an emergency meeting to discuss the exorbitant energy bills. "We have a responsibility to protect Texans from spikes in their energy bills that are a result of the severe winter weather and power outages," the governor said.

It's still unclear how many Texans are facing huge bills. At the Saturday meeting, a group of nine bipartisan state legislators "focused on the need to quickly calculate the total cost of these energy bills and how the state can help reduce this burden," according to a statement released by the governor's office.

Meanwhile, Texas Attorney General Ken Paxton has launched an investigation. His office is seeking documents from ERCOT, including communications between the council and electricity providers about "energy pricing and/or price increases" during the winter storm, as well as price-related complaints that the council received from customers.

Paxton is also investigating the prices charged by individual electricity providers during the storm, including prices charged by Griddy.

The top elected official for Dallas County, Judge Clay Jenkins, used Twitter to ask for help from his constituents. "Tweet back at me please- What electric companies sold Texans variable rate plans?" he wrote in a Friday tweet. "Variable rate plans are predatory as we all clearly are seeing now! Who did they target with those plans and what did they tell them?"

His constituents obliged. The replies poured in from customers of multiple companies, including Griddy and Reliant. Some residents said they were surprised to realize they were signed up for variable-rate plans.

Indeed, some customers with variable-rate plans may not even know that they are being charged in that way, according to reporting by Christopher Connelly of NPR member station KERA in Dallas.

"Many retail energy providers move customers automatically onto variable-rate plans after their fixed-rate contract term expires," Connelly reports. "If your 12-month, fixed-rate contract ends and you don't go shop for a new fixed-rate plan, you may find yourself moved onto a variable rate plan."

At least one state, Connecticut, has banned variable-rate power plans for residential customers. And this is not the first time such plans have drawn scrutiny after a polar vortex. In Pennsylvania, after a 2014 cold snap caused electricity rates to increase by 300% or more, the state's government took multiple utilities to court.

Reps. Sheila Jackson Lee (from left), Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez and Sylvia Garcia help distribute food at the Houston Food Bank on Saturday. Elizabeth Conley/Pool/AFP via Getty Images hide caption

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Elizabeth Conley/Pool/AFP via Getty Images

Reps. Sheila Jackson Lee (from left), Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez and Sylvia Garcia help distribute food at the Houston Food Bank on Saturday.

Elizabeth Conley/Pool/AFP via Getty Images

A fundraising effort spearheaded by New York Rep. Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez to help storm-battered Texans has raised more than $4 million in just a few days.

On Saturday, Ocasio-Cortez was on the ground in Texas to celebrate the success of the fundraising effort, which will go to local organizations providing Texans food assistance, homelessness relief and elder care. She was joined by Democratic Texas Reps. Sylvia Garcia and Sheila Jackson Lee, all of whom helped fill boxes at the Houston Food Bank.

"When disaster strikes, this is not just an issue for Texans; this is an issue for our entire country," Ocasio-Cortez told reporters. "And our whole country needs to come and rally together behind the needs of Texans all across this state."

She added: "That's the New York spirit, that's the Texas spirit, and that's the American spirit."

Winter storms across Texas left dozens dead, knocked out power for millions for days and many still do not have safe drinking water.

Garcia said the fundraising idea was spurred by Ocasio-Cortez, who sent her a text saying she wanted to help. "You know, we're from Texas right?" Garcia told reporters. "Who does things with New York? We always kind of make fun of New York. But this time we love New York."

Ocasio-Cortez announced the fundraising Thursday afternoon on Twitter. Within two hours, the effort had pulled in $325,000 in donations. By Friday morning, the total was up to $2 million. As of Saturday afternoon, $4 million, according to Ocasio-Cortez.

As Houston Public Media reports, the money will go toward several organizations, including the Houston Food Bank, Family Eldercare, Feeding Texas and the Bridge Homeless Recovery Center. But charity itself, while helpful, doesn't replace the need for policies that prevent power grids from failing in the future, Ocasio-Cortez said.

"We need to make sure that we make short- and long-term policy decisions to that this devastation — preventable devastation — never happens again," she said.

A number of factors contributed to the massive power failures in Texas, which relies on its own electricity grid.

Harris County Precinct 4 Commissioner Jack Cagle hands out water at a distribution site on Friday in Houston. Millions throughout the state remain under a boil water notice as many residents lack water at home due to frozen or broken pipes. David J. Phillip/AP hide caption

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David J. Phillip/AP

Harris County Precinct 4 Commissioner Jack Cagle hands out water at a distribution site on Friday in Houston. Millions throughout the state remain under a boil water notice as many residents lack water at home due to frozen or broken pipes.

David J. Phillip/AP

As Texas thaws from the unexpected deep freeze that knocked out power to millions and killed dozens, its residents are continuing to grapple with a secondary peril: lack of safe drinking water.

Texans across the state have reported water outages and burst pipes after water lines froze solid. Other residents once again have water coming through their faucets, but at low pressure.

As of Friday, more than 14 million people across the state had been asked to boil water in order to guard against possible contamination after water pressure dropped and water treatment was disrupted due to power outages.

On Saturday morning, the state was still determining how many people will need to continue boiling water. All water throughout the state is locally provided, so it takes time for the state to get their updates every morning, a spokesman for the governor's office tells NPR.

With millions still dealing with fallout from the storm, the White House announced Saturday that President Joe Biden had approved a major disaster declaration in Texas. It provides federal funding to individuals in 77 Texas counties, opening up emergency aid for assistance with home repairs and temporary housing, and low-cost loans to help cover uninsured property loss. Affected residents can apply for assistance at DisasterAssistance.gov.

Federal funding will also be available for local governments throughout all of the state's 254 counties, to help repair damaged infrastructure.

But until emergency aid is doled out, vulnerable Texans remain at risk. "I'm especially concerned for our people in low income communities, for our seniors, who don't have the means for example to go to a hotel," Houston Mayor Sylvester Turner told MSNBC. "They don't have fireplaces, for example. They don't have a means to get a plumber out there as quickly as possible."

Politicians from around the country are working to assist stricken Texans. By Saturday morning, a fundraising effort launched by Rep. Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez, D-N.Y., on Thursday had already raised more than $3 million.

Former Texas Rep. Beto O'Rourke has also been involved in relief work, organizing volunteers to make hundreds of thousands of wellness calls to senior citizens throughout the state. Local food banks and other organizations are also offering food and water to affected Texans.

In the wake of the deep freeze, Texas Gov. Greg Abbott called on state lawmakers to require that the state's power plants and generators be "winterized" so that they can handle future freezes without being minutes away from completely failing.

"We don't have the same sort of insulation for pipes that you may see in some colder climates," Houston Public Media's Gail Delaughter told NPR's Weekend Edition Saturday. "It's probably going to be a while before you can get someone in to fix it."

In San Antonio, some people went down to the city's famed River Walk to get non-potable water to be able to flush their toilets. Others are thawing ice that they collected from the recent ice storm. One hospital in Houston even collected rainwater to flush toilets, Houston Methodist CEO Dr. Marc Boom told CNN.

"We take a lot of things for granted, and water is one of those niceties that's really hard to be without," Boom said.

Marie Maybou melts snow on the kitchen stove on Friday in Austin, Texas. She was using the water to flush the toilets in her home after the city water stopped running. Joe Raedle/Getty Images hide caption

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Joe Raedle/Getty Images

Marie Maybou melts snow on the kitchen stove on Friday in Austin, Texas. She was using the water to flush the toilets in her home after the city water stopped running.

Joe Raedle/Getty Images

Water pressure should be restored to most of Austin, Texas, over the weekend, Austin Water Director Greg Meszaros said at a news conference Friday. The state is recovering from the cold and snow and resulting power outages, which shut down water treatment plants.

It might not be full pressure, he said, but the main goal right now is to get every household water.

Meszaros noted there is still a boil-water notice in effect and asked that residents still conserve water.

The system is a little tender, so start off slow as you have water or as you get water," he said. "Just kind of be cautious, and if everyone uses a reasonable amount of water everything is going to be fine."

That means don't use major appliances like dishwashers or laundry machines, and don't take multiple showers in a day.

Austin is also expecting shipments of clean, bottled water that the city purchased and through the Federal Emergency Management Agency. City Manager Spencer Cronk said the city would post where people can pick up that water. Officials are choosing distribution sites based on how easy it is to get to them as roads continue to thaw. Cronk said there would be one case of water given to each car.

Meszaros said he hopes to left the boil-water notice in the coming week, but right now his agency's focus is getting any trickle of water to people throughout the city.

A map released by Austin Water on Friday morning showed the entire city as having low water pressure or no water all.

President Biden speaks to the press before departing the White House for Milwaukee on Tuesday. Nicholas Kamm/AFP via Getty Images hide caption

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Nicholas Kamm/AFP via Getty Images

President Biden speaks to the press before departing the White House for Milwaukee on Tuesday.

Nicholas Kamm/AFP via Getty Images

President Biden said Friday he will sign a major disaster declaration that Texas Gov. Greg Abbott is requesting, which would open up broader federal aid for immediate and long-term recovery efforts in the state, including for both individual needs and public infrastructure.

Biden and Abbott spoke Thursday night regarding the response.

Texas has been at the mercy of an unprecedented winter storm that has left many of the state's residents without heat, power and potable water for several days. Several people, some homeless, have died in the freezing temperatures.

Departing the White House for a trip to Michigan, the president told reporters he's asked the Department of Health and Human Services, Housing and Urban Development, the Department of Agriculture and the Department of Defense to identify resources that could help the recovery in Texas.

Biden said he wants to visit Texas but does not want his visit to be a "burden" on recovery efforts. The president said he may decide early next week whether to go.

Earlier, the White House put out a list of nearly two dozen local officials in the state it had been in contact with this week regarding relief efforts.

'A Katrina-Scale Crisis': Austin Is Desperate For Help In Weather Disaster

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People wait in long lines at an H-E-B grocery store in Austin, Texas, on Wednesday. The weather disaster is an "absolutely awful nightmare," says Austin City Council member Natasha Harper-Madison. Montinique Monroe/Getty Images hide caption

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Montinique Monroe/Getty Images

People wait in long lines at an H-E-B grocery store in Austin, Texas, on Wednesday. The weather disaster is an "absolutely awful nightmare," says Austin City Council member Natasha Harper-Madison.

Montinique Monroe/Getty Images

Texas is slowly coming out of a historic deep freeze that left millions of residents without power and water for several days.

Power is being restored across the state. In Austin, the local power company said nearly 97% of its customers had power Friday morning. A citywide notice to boil water remained in effect, but many residents were still without water and the city could not say when water service would be restored.

Austin City Council member and Mayor Pro Tem Natasha Harper-Madison described the winter storm as a "Katrina-scale crisis." City of Austin hide caption

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City of Austin

Natasha Harper-Madison, a member of Austin's City Council and mayor pro-tem, calls the Texas weather disaster "a Katrina-scale crisis" and an "absolutely awful nightmare."

"I'm getting evidence of people's infrastructure failing — people's pipes failing, people's toilets failing, people not having access to water because their homes have flooded. People not having access to their homes that have electricity, but they're ... full of water," Harper-Madison said in an interview with NPR's Morning Edition.

"I mean, ultimately, what we're talking about here is this is a Katrina-scale crisis happening across our entire state and especially right here in Austin," she said, referring to the hurricane that inundated New Orleans in 2005.

"We're desperately waiting for state and federal cavalry to come a runnin'," she said.

As it waits for help, Austin is seeing "an astonishing response from our own community. People are stepping up in ways that, frankly, will bring you to tears," Harper-Madison said.

She said residents are "opening their homes to complete strangers so that they can warm themselves, have a bite to eat, charge their devices. Restaurants are serving up free food. Breweries are stepping up to distribute drinking water. I am so empowered to see how the community where I was born and raised is responding right now."

While Austin is known as a tech industry boomtown and is also the state capital, she said, "we do still have that small town, look after each other spirit that will get us through this absolutely awful nightmare."

But that community self-help can only go so far, Harper-Madison said.

"Our city is stepping up, our county is stepping up. Individuals, community members, you know, our faith-based organizations, our social organizations. Everybody is stepping up. But there's only so much they can do to combat failing infrastructure," she said.

When it comes to taking blame for the disaster, Harper-Madison said officials "have failed our constituents at every level. And I say 'we' because I absolutely include myself to that consideration. I absolutely feel like we all could have done more. At every level we could have done more."

But she added, "What we need right now is to not be pointing fingers, but to really just get what people need. We need electricity, running water and cooking gas. And we can talk about who's to blame and where the critical failures occurred — where the infrastructural failures occurred — later."

Milton Guevara, Danny Hajek, Kelley Dickens and Jan Johnson produced and edited the audio version of this story.

A worker repairs a power line in Austin, Texas, on Thursday. Although power was slowly being restored to much of the state, weather-related water issues persist. Bloomberg via Getty Images hide caption

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Bloomberg via Getty Images

A worker repairs a power line in Austin, Texas, on Thursday. Although power was slowly being restored to much of the state, weather-related water issues persist.

Bloomberg via Getty Images

Many Texans who faced days of near-freezing temperatures without electricity to keep warm were breathing a sigh of relief Friday as the lights and heat came back on. But millions are still without water, and the state's governor is warning that the crisis isn't over.

The Electric Reliability Council of Texas, or ERCOT, announced mid-morning that it had ended emergency conditions, marking a return to normal operations for the first time since Monday even as it encouraged customers to continue conserving energy.

While some 184,000 customers are still without power, that figure is down dramatically from about 4.5 million on Tuesday and some 600,000 still in the dark on Thursday.

ERCOT had said earlier on Friday that no additional outages were needed overnight to keep power supply and electric demand in balance, and that only a few generating units had tripped. Electric utilities are working to address remaining customer outages, it added.

The resumption of normal operating conditions comes a day after ERCOT said rolling blackouts remained a possibility and cautioned that some homes may remain without power even after their neighbors get power back — especially in Central Texas, member station KUT reports.

"You can just imagine live oak trees, which still have leaves on it, and you've got a bunch of ice on it," said Dan Woodfin, ERCOT's director of systems operations. "If those fall on lines then crews have to go out and fix those lines."

Elsewhere in the country, the aftermath of the storms — which brought snow and freezing rain to a large section of the U.S. this week — were still wreaking havoc with the power grid. As of midday Friday, according to an online tracker, some 169,000 people remained without electricity in Louisiana and Mississippi, more than 100,000 in Kentucky and the Virginias, and some 79,000 in Oregon.

The extreme weather was blamed for at least 56 deaths, according to The Associated Press, with many having died as they tried to keep warm.

Millions of people in hardest-hit Texas still had either no water at all, or residents were being told to boil their water to make it safe to drink, after the sub-zero temperatures burst lines and the historic winter storms knocked water treatment plants offline.

Houston Mayor Sylvester Turner said the city's residents would probably have to boil water until Sunday or Monday.

Dr. Joseph Varon, chief of staff at United Memorial Medical Center in Houston, has been managing care for COVID-19 patients for 336 straight days. He tells NPR's Morning Edition that it's been "just hell, both personally and professionally."

"At home, for example, I have no water," he said. "We just got back electricity after almost 96 hours without electricity. I've literally had to rent a hotel room so I can take a shower because I haven't taken a shower in 72 hours."

The hospital, too, has no water, he says. "Many of the hospitals in the Houston metropolitan area have no water."

"It's a true disaster. Many of the machines that we work with ... require water to function," he says.

Toby Baker, executive director of the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality, said water pressure had dropped due to frozen lines and because people were letting faucets drip to prevent pipes in their own homes from freezing solid. The commission said that as of Thursday afternoon, more than 1,000 Texas public water systems had reported disruptions affecting more than 14 million people.

Thursday evening, President Biden said he called Gov. Greg Abbott and offered the state more federal support to state and local agencies.

Residents of Texas "are not out of the woods," Abbott cautioned.

"We will not stop until normalcy is restored to your lives," he said in a Thursday news briefing. "Until that moment comes, I ask all Texans to continue your efforts to take the precautions that are needed to stay safe and warm."

The governor has asked the state legislature to investigate ERCOT, which manages the electric grid for about 90% of the state.

State Sen. José Menendez, a Democrat from San Antonio, said Texas should have winterized its infrastructure after a rare winter storm hit in 2011. He says it's not just ERCOT that is to blame, but that Texas politicians, including himself, should be held accountable.

"[T]he average Texan shouldn't have to be required to know how the electric grid works, shouldn't be required to know that power plants are winterized or not winterized," he told NPR. "They're paying their bills and they elect us to go up to Austin, Texas, to make tough decisions. And if we don't have what it takes to do that and take the responsibility, then we obviously, as elected officials, have failed."

Speaking to Morning Edition, Natasha Harper-Madison, a member of the Austin City Council, called the situation in Texas "a Katrina-scale crisis."

"We're desperately waiting for state and federal cavalry to come a runnin'," she said.

Nonetheless, Harper-Madison said, "we're seeing an astonishing response from our own community: People are stepping up in ways that, frankly, will bring you to tears."

"They're opening their homes to complete strangers so that they can warm themselves, have a bite to eat, charge their devices," she said. "Restaurants are serving up free food. Breweries are stepping up to distribute drinking water."

In Tennessee, some 260,000 homes and businesses in and around Memphis had been told to boil water, according to The Associated Press. The Memphis International Airport was forced to cancel all flights due to water pressure issues.

The mayor of Jackson, Miss., Chokwe Antar Lumumba, told the AP that most of the city of about 150,000 was without water Thursday night. "We are dealing with an extreme challenge with getting more water through our distribution system," he said.

While the challenges resulting from the severe weather this week continue, at least the forecast looks to be improving. Overnight, the National Weather Service map of weather conditions across the country, which had earlier shown large swathes of warnings, had reverted mostly to advisories by Friday morning.

Texas officials are reporting businesses are hiking up prices for food, water, and hotel rooms following a winter storm that walloped Texas this week. This is as residents wait in long lines at grocery stores and face food and water shortages. Thomas Shea/AFP via Getty Images hide caption

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Thomas Shea/AFP via Getty Images

Texas officials are reporting businesses are hiking up prices for food, water, and hotel rooms following a winter storm that walloped Texas this week. This is as residents wait in long lines at grocery stores and face food and water shortages.

Thomas Shea/AFP via Getty Images

Texas officials are cracking down on businesses they say have hiked the prices of food, water, and hotel rooms while the state continues to deal with shortages caused by unprecedented winter weather.

Harris County Attorney Christian Menefee, the chief civil attorney for Texas' largest county, and Linda Hidalgo, the Harris County Judge, said Houston area residents have complained of hotel rooms and bottled water being sold at exorbitant prices.

"The main types of things we're seeing is hotels setting prices at ridiculous rates," Menefee told the Associated Press. "We've seen allegations of packs of water being sold for two to three times the normal price, or packs of water being divvied up and the individual bottles being sold at excessive prices."

Menefee and Hidalgo have since set up a system for consumers to report suspected incidents of price gouging. In just 20 hours, the system logged more than 450 complaints, they said.

This is while much of the state continues to face food and water shortages following bitterly cold temperatures and power outages that have lasted days after a winter storm walloped Texas this week.

Increasing prices for essentials during an emergency declaration is against the law in Texas.

Selling or leasing fuel, food, medicine, lodging, building materials, construction tools, or another necessity at an exorbitant or excessive price after the governor has declared a state disaster is illegal under the Texas Deceptive Trade Practices-Consumer Protection Act.

Hidalgo said violators can face fines of up to $250,000.

Texas Attorney General Ken Paxton urged residents this week to report incidents of price gouging or other disaster-related scams to the state's consumer protection hotline.

"No one is exempt from price gouging laws in Texas. Any person selling goods, necessities, or services at an exorbitant price will be prosecuted to the full extent of the law," Paxton said. "I will not stand for any person or business unlawfully taking advantage of Texans."

Sticker shock hasn't been limited to just food and water. Houston Public Media reported about 27,000 Houston-area CenterPoint Energy customers opened their emails this week to a heart attack-inducing surprise: a $202,102.16 bill from their electricity provider.

But the bill was just a technical mistake, the company said.

CenterPoint Energy tweeted to its consumers who might've received such an email, "You do not owe this amount."

The company said, "We are aware of a recent technical issue caused by the power outage in Houston which led to the issuance of incorrect natural gas billing e-mails to some customers. If you have received an e-mail in the amount of $202,102.16, please disregard it."

Electric service trucks line up after a snow storm on Feb. 16, 2021 in Fort Worth, Texas. The White House said on Thursday that FEMA was mobilizing to help assist the response to winter weather that has left hundreds of thousands without power in Texas. Ron Jenkins/Getty Images hide caption

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Ron Jenkins/Getty Images

Electric service trucks line up after a snow storm on Feb. 16, 2021 in Fort Worth, Texas. The White House said on Thursday that FEMA was mobilizing to help assist the response to winter weather that has left hundreds of thousands without power in Texas.

Ron Jenkins/Getty Images

The extreme weather conditions in Texas, where a winter storm has caused widespread power outages, should serve as a reminder that climate change is real and the United States not fully prepared to deal with its impact, said White House homeland security adviser Liz Sherwood-Randall on Thursday.

"The extreme weather events that we're experiencing this week across the central, southern and now the eastern United States do yet again demonstrate to us that climate change is real, and it's happening now, and we're not adequately prepared for it," said Sherwood-Randall, who also serves as deputy national security advisor.

"Power grids across our country, particularly in Texas, are overloaded by the demands that are placed on them under these circumstances, and the infrastructure is not built to withstand these extreme conditions," she added.

Sherwood-Randall said the federal government will work with states to incentivize efforts to reinforce infrastructure against adverse climate events.

The former deputy secretary of energy joined Thursday's daily White House press briefing to discuss the federal response in Texas and other states affected by winter storms.

The Biden administration has approved the federal emergency declaration requests of Texas, Oklahoma and Louisiana.

In Texas, FEMA is providing generators to support water treatment plants, hospitals and nursing homes across the state, said Sherwood-Randall. It is further supporting the state by providing other supplies as requested by Texas Gov. Greg Abbott.

"Specifically in Texas, it has made 60 generators and fuel available to support critical sites like hospitals and water facilities," Sherwood-Randall said. "It has moved in 729,000 liters of water, more than 10,000 wool blankets, 50,000 cotton blankets, and 225,000 meals."

FEMA and the Department of Energy have also been talking with private energy companies to explore whether there's more that can be done to provide support to the affected regions, she said, noting that though power outages are being reduced, blackouts will continue.

Sherwood-Randall said that it's not physically feasible at the moment to connect the Texas' independent power grid to the national grid, but the Energy Department is relaxing some environmental standards on an emergency basis to allow Texas to bring additional energy generation online.

No, The Blackouts In Texas Weren't Caused By Renewables. Here's What Really Happened

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Snow covers the ground in Waco, Texas, on Feb. 17. Texas Gov. Greg Abbott has blamed renewable energy sources for the blackouts that have hit the state. In fact, they were caused by a systemwide failure across all energy sources. Matthew Busch/AFP via Getty Images hide caption

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Snow covers the ground in Waco, Texas, on Feb. 17. Texas Gov. Greg Abbott has blamed renewable energy sources for the blackouts that have hit the state. In fact, they were caused by a systemwide failure across all energy sources.

Matthew Busch/AFP via Getty Images

This week, Texas Gov. Greg Abbott appeared on local TV in Dallas and blamed the state's power crisis on the devastating storm that disrupted power generation and froze natural gas pipelines.

He didn't single out one power source to blame. Then he went on Fox News and gave a different story.

"Wind and solar got shut down," he said. "They were collectively more than 10% of our power grid, and that thrust Texas into a situation where it was lacking power on a statewide basis."

He wasn't alone. Former Energy Secretary Rick Perry also pointed to frozen windmills and warned that this crisis showed the perils of promoting renewable energy.

The Texas Public Policy Foundation, a conservative think tank with ties to the fossil fuel industry, alleged that the storm "never would have been an issue had our grid not been so deeply penetrated by renewable energy sources."

But this focus on windmills ignores the evident fact that — as Abbott acknowledged on local TVevery kind of power generation fell short in this storm.

In fact, significantly more natural gas and coal went offline than renewables. But that doesn't suggest fossil fuels were uniquely to blame either — they were responsible for more production, so it's no surprise they were the source of more failures.

Grid operators say it simply doesn't make sense to pinpoint any one generation source for criticism.

"It was across the board," says Bill Magness, the president and CEO of ERCOT, or the Electric Reliability Council of Texas. "We saw coal plants, gas plants, wind, solar, just all sorts of our resources trip off and not be able to perform."

Here's how the catastrophe unfolded.

Frigid temperatures had people across Texas plugging in electric heaters all at once, causing demand to spike.

"Fundamentally, it is a historic storm that drove electric demand higher than we've ever seen — by far," Magness says.

At the exact same time, for the exact same reason, the supply of electricity went down.

Wind turbines did, in fact, freeze. But so did natural gas wells. And pipelines. And critical pipes at coal and nuclear power plants. And equipment panels.

Perilous road conditions made it hard for workers to access sites. Natural gas was being used for heating needs as well as power generation, making scant supplies even scarcer.

Add it all up, and the state suddenly had a lot of power plants, of all kinds, that simply couldn't function — and not enough electricity to go around.

Electric grids must maintain a delicate balance between supply and demand at all times or risk catastrophic failures. With supply so inadequate, ERCOT saw no other choice than to force demand down with a blunt instrument: outages.

It was a systemwide failure.

"All types of generation have had issues," says Joshua Rhodes, a research associate at the University of Texas at Austin's Webber Energy Group. "I mean, having more natural gas power plants wouldn't have helped us because we can't get gas to the ones we have right now."

He's staying with a friend near Austin because his own house doesn't have power. And he says this weather was just beyond what the entire system was ever designed to handle.

Of course it's possible to run pipelines, power plants and windmills in subzero temperatures; plenty of cold climates do it. But Texas' entire power grid is designed to meet peak demand in the summer, when air conditioners all kick in at once. It's not built for high winter demand.

Rhodes, who has now seen snow on the ground for multiple days in Austin, says it's like New England grappling with 105 degree temperatures. Northern grids would struggle under those conditions too, he says.

The storm triggered this disaster, but the role of state policy will be examined in depth in the weeks and months ahead. Natural gas for homes is prioritized over fuel for power plants. Texas doesn't share power with nearby states because it wants to avoid federal regulation.

Then there's the question of winterization. After a freeze a decade ago, Texas recommended that power plants prepare for freak cold weather, but those measures are expensive and were never made mandatory.

And then there's another big question: Will ERCOT's projections and decisions stand up to scrutiny?

The investigations into this disaster may well find blame to go around.

But all the data right now show this was a systemwide failure caused by a storm much worse than the state was ready to handle, and not by the use of renewable energy.

"I think the key point here is that we need to be prepared for these extreme events, today and in the future, no matter what the generation sources [are]," says Lori Bird, who directs the U.S. energy program at the World Resources Institute. "Because I think this event shows that all generation sources are vulnerable to these extreme events."

Blaming wind and solar is a political move, Bird says. What's really needed — in Texas and elsewhere — is better preparation.

People wait in long lines at an H-E-B grocery store in Austin, Texas, on Wednesday. The large supermarket chain said the "unprecedented weather event in Texas has caused a severe disruption in the food supply chain." Montinique Monroe/Getty Images hide caption

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People wait in long lines at an H-E-B grocery store in Austin, Texas, on Wednesday. The large supermarket chain said the "unprecedented weather event in Texas has caused a severe disruption in the food supply chain."

Montinique Monroe/Getty Images

The extremely cold weather in Texas hasn't just shut down power and water to millions of people in the state. It's also hammered food supplies.

Customers are sharing pictures on social media of empty grocery shelves across Texas and people desperate to stock up are forming long lines outside food stores.

H-E-B, a major Texas grocery chain which has more than 400 stores in Texas and Mexico, said the "unprecedented weather event in Texas has caused a severe disruption in the food supply chain.

"Like many other Texans are experiencing, this disruption is complicated by power and water outages. For H-E-B, this means temporary impacts to manufacturing, warehousing, store operations, and the daily lives" of employees and their families, the company said.

H-E-B said it was putting a purchase limit on some items and modifying hours temporarily for some locations. "At any time, store hours could be adjusted according to operations ability," the chain said.

In the meantime, Texans are simply running out of food.

As The Texas Tribune reported, "Across the state, people are using up supplies they had stockpiled and losing more as items start to spoil in dark refrigerators. Some are storing their remaining rations in coolers outside, and trips to the grocery store often do little to replenish pantries."

Austin resident Cristal Porter told the publication that her local Target "was out of meat, eggs and almost all milk before I left" on Monday. "Lines were wrapped around the store when we arrived. ... Shelves were almost fully cleared for potatoes, meat, eggs and some dairy."

Walmart, a major grocery retailer, reported that more than 200 of its stores were closed as of Thursday, including several in Texas. That's down from more than 400 stores closed earlier in the week.

"The safety of our associates and customers is our top priority," Walmart said in a statement on its website. "We assess the status of our facilities and will continue to operate as long as it is safe to do so."

Rep. Joaquin Castro, D-Texas, tweeted that the situation is "worse than even the early days of the pandemic. Grocery store, fast food and gasoline lines are longer than ever. Many stores are closed, including pharmacies."

"Many vulnerable people can't eat because they can't get electricity or water to cook and can't get on the roads because of the dangerous conditions," Castro added. "At the same time, few orgs are actually delivering food and water to people."

Jerry Jones, owner of the Dallas Cowboys, looks on prior to a game against the Pittsburgh Steelers at AT&T Stadium on Nov. 8, 2020, in Arlington, Texas. An oil company in which he is the majority shareholder said it had hit the "jackpot" as natural gas prices surged during the winter storms. Ronald Martinez/Getty Images hide caption

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Jerry Jones, owner of the Dallas Cowboys, looks on prior to a game against the Pittsburgh Steelers at AT&T Stadium on Nov. 8, 2020, in Arlington, Texas. An oil company in which he is the majority shareholder said it had hit the "jackpot" as natural gas prices surged during the winter storms.

Ronald Martinez/Getty Images

The winter storms gripping much of the United States have devastated many families and businesses, with frigid temperatures and power outages causing particularly dire conditions in Texas.

But for oil and gas producers that have managed to keep production going, this is proving to be a big payday. Jerry Jones, the billionaire owner of the Dallas Cowboys, appears to be one of the beneficiaries.

Comstock Resources Inc., a shale driller that operates in Texas and Louisiana, told investors on an earnings call this week that the surge in natural gas prices was providing it with a major — albeit almost certainly temporary — financial boost. The company is publicly traded but Jones holds a majority of the shares.

"Obviously, this week is like hitting the jackpot," President and Chief Financial Officer Roland Burns said Wednesday.

The storm has reduced natural gas output at the same time that demand — for both home heating and power generation — has skyrocketed.

That's resulted in catastrophic shortages, as well as some truly eye-popping prices for natural gas in the affected regions.

Many in the oil and gas industry have taken a blow because wells and pipelines have stopped working in the unexpected cold.

But Comstock was already ramping up production in anticipation that natural gas prices would increase, and now finds itself benefiting from what it described as "super-premium prices" of "anywhere from" $15 per thousand cubic feet to as much as $179 per thousand cubic feet.

For comparison, the company had sold the same gas last quarter for an average of $2.40 per thousand cubic feet.

The Texas Democratic Party is calling for the resignation of Sen. Ted Cruz, seen here on the Senate floor on Feb. 4, after the Republican lawmaker went on a family trip to Mexico in the middle of Texas' deadly winter storm. Senate Television via AP hide caption

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Senate Television via AP

The Texas Democratic Party is calling for the resignation of Sen. Ted Cruz, seen here on the Senate floor on Feb. 4, after the Republican lawmaker went on a family trip to Mexico in the middle of Texas' deadly winter storm.

Senate Television via AP

Updated at 7:51 p.m. ET

The Texas Democratic Party is calling on Sen. Ted Cruz, R-Texas, to resign or be expelled from office after the Republican lawmaker flew to Cancún, Mexico, for a family vacation in the middle of a deadly winter storm that has left millions of Texans without water and electricity.

Cruz has returned to Texas, calling the trip "a mistake."

In a statement issued Thursday, Texas Democratic Party Chairman Gilberto Hinojosa called the senator's trip to Cancún "deeply disturbing and disappointing."

He further described Cruz as "an enemy to our democracy" for challenging the certification of the Electoral College vote before and after the Jan. 6 attack on the U.S. Capitol and as "an enemy to our state" for "jetting off to Mexico while Texans remain dying in the cold."

"The Texas Democratic Party calls on Ted Cruz to resign or be expelled from office," Hinojosa said. "Barring that, we will put all of the resources we have into defeating him and every Texas Republican who abandoned us in this disaster, including Governor Abbott and Lieutenant Governor Patrick, in 2022 and 2024."

The party said this is the 21st time it has called for Cruz's resignation.

Cruz also issued a statement on Thursday confirming earlier speculation about his travel. He explained that his daughters had asked to go on a trip with friends.

"Wanting to be a good dad, I flew down with them last night and am flying back this afternoon," the senator said.

Then, after he returned on Thursday afternoon, Cruz told reporters the trip was "a mistake, and in hindsight, I wouldn't have done it."

He said his daughters had been "cold for two days ... and they're saying, 'We don't have school. ... Let's get out of here.' " He said a lot of parents would do the same for their children, but he started to second-guess his decision "from the moment I sat on the plane."

Cruz said he knew he had responsibilities and had intended to work remotely by phone and online. "But I needed to be here, and that's why I came back," he said.

Images of Cruz and his wife, Heidi, boarding a flight at George Bush Intercontinental Airport in Houston first appeared on Twitter late Wednesday night.

NPR has not been able to independently verify the authenticity of those images.

One of the images was posted by former MSNBC anchor David Shuster, who criticized the senator's decision to take his family on a vacation while many of his constituents have to deal with the fallout of the winter storm.

"Cruz seems to believe there isn't much for him to do in Texas for the millions of fellow Texans who remain without electricity/water and are literally freezing," Shuster wrote in a tweet.

Shuster's tweet went viral, garnering nearly 50,000 retweets and more than 70,000 likes as of 1 p.m. ET on Thursday.

Others who criticized the senator for his actions included Democratic state Rep. Gene Wu and actress and activist Alyssa Milano.

Beto O'Rourke, a Democrat who lost to Cruz in the 2018 Texas race for U.S. Senate, called out his former opponent during an appearance on MSNBC Thursday for "vacationing in Cancún right now when people are literally freezing to death in the state that he was elected to represent."

After days of snow, ice and record low temperatures, nearly 500,000 homes remained without power in Texas as of early Thursday, according to tracking site PowerOutage.US.

An ambulance drives on Oltorf Street in the Travis Heights neighborhood of South Austin on Tuesday. Gabriel C. Pérez/KUT hide caption

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Gabriel C. Pérez/KUT

An ambulance drives on Oltorf Street in the Travis Heights neighborhood of South Austin on Tuesday.

Gabriel C. Pérez/KUT

Local hospitals are being affected by widespread water issues in the Austin area, following severe weather this week.

St. David's South Austin Medical Center said it lost water pressure from the city Wednesday, creating a series of problems.

"Water feeds the facility's boiler, so as a result, it is also losing heat," David Huffstutler, CEO of St. David's HealthCare, said in a statement.

Huffstutler said the hospital is working with city officials to fix the situation. In the meantime, hospital and city officials are finding transportation to get patients "who are medically able to be discharged home safely."

Other patients are being sent to hospitals that have capacity. St. David's South Austin Medical Center currently has just under 300 patients, officials said.

"Because this is a state-wide emergency situation that is also impacting other hospitals within the Austin area," Huffstutler said, "no one hospital currently has the capacity to accept transport of a large number of patients."

St. David's is passing out water bottles and jugs to patients and employees to drink and wash their hands. It is figuring out a way to get portable toilets, officials said.

"Through our national partner, HCA Healthcare, we are able to secure and source food, linens, medication and supplies needed to care for and serve our patients," Huffstutler said.

Employees who are currently scheduled to work are being asked to stay in the hospital.

Seton hospitals in the area are also facing water problems.

A spokesperson for Ascension Seton said in a statement that "extreme weather conditions have caused intermittent water issues at several Ascension Seton" facilities.

In a letter obtained by KUT, patients and families at Dell Children's are being asked to not take showers and use hand sanitizer to clean their hands. They were also told the toilets can't flush ,and staff are changing linens only as needed.

"We anticipate the temperature in the building will be more difficult to maintain as the temperature drops," the letter said. "We do have a limited supply of fleece blankets available."

A spokesperson for Ascension Seton said staff is working to fix issues across their network of hospitals in the area.

"All Ascension Seton hospitals have emergency response plans in place to provide uninterrupted patient care, including access to backup generators for each care site," a spokesperson said in a statement. "Throughout the year, our hospitals prepare for a variety of emergency situations, which includes testing of backup power sources and reviewing and updating emergency response plans on a regular basis."

Ascension Seton officials say they are rescheduling elective surgeries.

St. David's officials also announced they are "canceling all non-emergent procedures" for the time being.

People in Houston wait in line to fill their propane tanks on Wednesday amidst widespread power outages related to the winter storm. Cases of carbon monoxide poisoning in the state have increased in recent days, with officials attributing most to the improper use of heating devices like charcoal grills and portable generators. Mark Felix/The Washington Post via Getty Images hide caption

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Mark Felix/The Washington Post via Getty Images

People in Houston wait in line to fill their propane tanks on Wednesday amidst widespread power outages related to the winter storm. Cases of carbon monoxide poisoning in the state have increased in recent days, with officials attributing most to the improper use of heating devices like charcoal grills and portable generators.

Mark Felix/The Washington Post via Getty Images

Updated at 10:31 p.m. ET

Texas is seeing a surge in carbon monoxide poisonings this week, as plunging temperatures and persistent power outages send residents searching for warmth increasingly from dangerous sources.

A total of 450 carbon monoxide-related calls statewide have been made to the Texas Poison Center Network since Feb. 11, a Texas Department of State Health Services spokesperson told NPR on Thursday night. She said some of those calls were made en route to an emergency room or urgent care center.

At least 300 cases, including two fatalities, were reported in Harris County — the state's most populous — as of Tuesday night, according to Judge Lina Hidalgo. She called that number "just the tip of the iceberg," saying it was likely much higher.

"The truth of the matter is, this carbon monoxide poisoning is in many ways a disaster within a disaster," Hidalgo said.

State and local officials attribute most of the cases to the use of improper home heating sources, from devices like barbecue pits, charcoal grills and campfire stoves to practices like running portable generators and car engines indoors. These mechanisms all release carbon monoxide, a colorless, odorless gas that at certain levels can cause permanent brain damage or death in mere minutes.

"Much of these poisoning calls ... they're due to bringing grills into the house, turning cars on in garages, basically using outdoor equipment inside," Hidalgo said. "You can use that equipment to stay warm, just don't use it in your home."

The improper use of portable generators, which can provide life-saving power but be fatal when run inside homes or garages, is a reliable source of fatalities after major weather events and took some 900 lives between 2005 and 2017.

Harris County Fire Marshal Laurie Christensen said on Tuesday there had been so many carbon monoxide incidents and calls that officials could not track them all.

She implored residents to heed safety advice: leave grills and generators far away from windows, doors and vent openings; keep grills outside even once they've been turned off; avoid using ovens and stoves for heat and place generators 10 to 20 feet away from the home.

"Get all the blankets you can, dress in layers, huddle up together as a family," Christensen said. "Do what you have to do to stay warm, but please remember the hazards of carbon monoxide."

Dr. Samuel Prater, an emergency physician at Memorial-Hermann Health System in Houston, told NPR's All Things Considered that his emergency room saw nearly 60 carbon monoxide cases on Monday and almost 40 on Tuesday, with more than half of them children.

He said the unprecedented winter event has driven many people, particularly parents, to try to find warmth however they can.

"These are folks with the best of intentions who are just feeling desperate and trying to get themselves warm - more importantly, trying to get their children warm - and resorting to unusual means," he said.

Incidents have been reported sporadically by local officials, fire departments and hospitals in recent days. The surge in poisonings also prompted the Texas Department of State Health Services to issue a bulletin urging residents to "use extreme caution" with generators and other carbon monoxide-producing heat sources.

On Tuesday, The Cy-Fair Fire Department in Harris County reported transporting 14 people, including seven children, to hospitals for carbon monoxide poisoning after they used grills to heat their homes. It later transported another nine, saying two families had reportedly used charcoal grills indoors.

Capt. Daniel Arizpe of the Cy-Fair Fire Department told NPR by email that as of 1:30 p.m. local time on Thursday, the department had responded to 18 incidents involving 40 patients, 26 of whom were transported with "measurable CO levels."

Houston police reported two carbon monoxide-related fatalities on Tuesday, when they said officers making a welfare check discovered a family of four who were poisoned after seemingly running a car in their attached garage for warmth. The adult female and female child did not survive, they said, while the adult male and male child were transported to the hospital.

And in Fort Worth, Cook Children's Medical Center said it treated at least 13 patients on Monday night whose families were attempting to heat their homes, either with propane- or diesel-burning engines meant to be used outdoors, or portable generators placed too close to the home. Treatment for carbon monoxide poisoning involves breathing in pure oxygen.

"Carbon monoxide poisoning prevents your blood from being able to buy into oxygen," explained Dr. Sam Selby, an emergency physician at Cook Children's. "You suffocate while you are still breathing."

Symptoms of carbon monoxide poisoning include headache, nausea, dizziness, vomiting, chest pain, confusion and shortness of breath. Health officials say anyone experiencing such symptoms should move to a well-ventilated area outdoors and seek medical attention.

In a series of tweets, the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission urged people to use home heating devices properly and to remind any friends and family members experiencing power outages about the dangers of carbon monoxide, saying a quick check-in could save lives.

It also encouraged people to take stock of the safety of their own homes, like checking the status of extinguishers and carbon monoxide detectors — things that sound like common sense, the CPSC said, which is why they are often forgotten.

"Also, when a crisis is happening, and it doesn't affect you personally, your reaction should be self-reflection, not shaming," it added, emphasizing the "desire to improve the quality of safety in your own life, not gawk at the lack of safety in someone else's."

Texas Rolling Blackouts Are Anything But, Mayor Says

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Patrons sit in a restaurant without power caused by cold weather blackouts on Tuesday in Richardson, Texas. LM Otero/AP hide caption

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LM Otero/AP

Patrons sit in a restaurant without power caused by cold weather blackouts on Tuesday in Richardson, Texas.

LM Otero/AP

The Dallas-Fort Worth area has seen the coldest temperatures in a generation this week, with a record-setting 2 degrees below zero on Tuesday morning. Michael Evans is the newly elected mayor of Mansfield, Texas, a Dallas-Fort Worth suburb with a population of more than 70,000, which, like much of the rest of the state, has seen its share of power outages this week.

Evans says the severe cold isn't fully to blame for those outages.

"Oh, my gosh yes. There have been a lot of power outages," he said Thursday in an interview with NPR's Morning Edition. "And, you know, unfortunately, it hasn't been necessarily because of the weather, so to speak. But we're part of what's called ERCOT [the Electric Reliability Council of Texas]. And we have been caught in the middle of something here where there have been individuals who have not had electricity, power for about 3 1/2 days now. And ... it's subzero degrees."

The power outages have been imposed throughout Texas by ERCOT, which manages roughly 75% of the state's power grid, to keep the grid from crashing.

"The problem has been that they have not been, they've not been rolling, so to speak," Evans said. "I mean, when you've not had power for 3 1/2 days ... and your neighbor maybe about three blocks from you, their power has not been turned off at all. You begin to question whether they are rolling at all. And, of course, they have not been rolling because we were told in regard to expecting rollouts, you mean maybe 15 to 45 minutes at a time. And that surely has not been the case."

Nursing homes and assisted care facilities have also lost power, he said.

The mayor says city residents "have been pulling together" to help each other in the weather crisis.

"I tell you, it's the Mansfield spirit," Evans said. "They've been inviting their neighbors into their homes. Our city and churches and other entities have opened warming centers. You see individuals, companies, restaurants just opening up their cabinets and pantries and bringing milk and cereal to warming centers and to their neighbors' homes.

"And it just says a lot about who we are as Mansfield residents and even as Texans, how we tend to pull together."

And he says some people have invited neighbors into their homes, despite the coronavirus pandemic.

One family Evans spoke with on Wednesday opened its doors to neighbors whose home was 32 degrees inside.

"It's life or death, when you think about it," Evans said. "They brought the people in, and they all had their masks and gloves on and the individuals in one side of the house while they were on the other side of the house. And, you know, that was survival. And that's what we do in times like these."

Nina Kravinsky, Avery Keatley and Jan Johnson produced and edited the audio version of this story. Avie Schneider produced for the Web.

A woman living on the streets uses blankets to keep warm, Thursday in downtown San Antonio. Snow, ice and subfreezing weather continue to wreak havoc on the state's power grid and utilities. Eric Gay/AP hide caption

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Eric Gay/AP

A woman living on the streets uses blankets to keep warm, Thursday in downtown San Antonio. Snow, ice and subfreezing weather continue to wreak havoc on the state's power grid and utilities.

Eric Gay/AP

Updated at 8:18 p.m. ET

After days of living in the dark in crude conditions, millions of Texans had their power restored on Thursday, bringing some relief amid the arctic blast that brought the state's water and power infrastructure to its knees.

Early in the morning nearly a half-million residents were without electricity but by midday, just under 350,000 remained without power, according PowerOutage.us, which tracks outages across the country.

The Electric Reliability Council of Texas, which manages most of the state power grid, said Thursday morning it had "made significant progress overnight restoring customer power, although some outages still remain throughout the state."

However, ERCOT noted that despite bringing the lights back on, energy emergency conditions remain as the grid operator and transmission owners work to restore the remaining customers that are without power.

"We're to the point in the load restoration where we are allowing transmission owners to bring back any load they can related to this load shed event," said ERCOT Senior Director of System Operations Dan Woodfin.

"We will keep working around the clock until every single customer has their power back on," Woodfin said.

Areas where distribution systems were damaged by ice storms may still be experiencing loss of power, according to ERCOT. Additionally, large industrial facilities that voluntarily went offline to help alleviate pressure on the overloaded power grid may also remain without power.

Carlos Mandez waits in line to fill his propane tanks on Wednesday in Houston. Customers had to wait over an hour in the freezing rain to fill their tanks after historic snowfall and widespread power outages in Texas. David J. Phillip/AP hide caption

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David J. Phillip/AP

Carlos Mandez waits in line to fill his propane tanks on Wednesday in Houston. Customers had to wait over an hour in the freezing rain to fill their tanks after historic snowfall and widespread power outages in Texas.

David J. Phillip/AP

In Houston, more than 99% of CenterPoint Energy customers have regained power. But the company is still urging residents to be cautious.

"As we continue repairing equipment damaged by severe weather, we ask that you continue conserving electricity - lower your thermostat & avoid using appliances," CenterPoint Energy tweeted.

As of 5 p.m. local time, approximately 20,000 outages remained.

Some 7 million residents of Houston, Arlington, Fort Worth and Tyler have been ordered to boil their drinking water after the outages knocked treatment plants offline. Statewide, water pressure has fallen because of frozen lines, Toby Baker, executive director of the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality said.

Speaking to NPR's Morning Edition on Thursday, the mayor of Mansfield, Texas, Michael Evans, described the crisis in the state as "life or death."

"We have been caught in the middle of something here where there have been individuals who have not had electricity or power for about 3 1/2 days now [and] it's zero degrees," Evans said of Mansfield, a suburb in the Dallas-Fort Worth area.

He said neighbors and churches have pitched in to help people whose homes have no electricity, despite concern over the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic.

"I was talking with a family yesterday, and they just knew these people, the temperature in their home was 32 degrees," Evans said. "So what they did was they brought the people in, and they all had their masks and gloves on and the individuals in one side of the house while they were on the other side of the house."

Texas Gov. Greg Abbott, speaking Wednesday in Austin, called on top executives at the state's grid operator to resign over the outages. "Every source of power the state of Texas has access to has been compromised because of the ultra-cold temperature or because of the equipment failures," he said.

Nationwide, more than 30 deaths have been blamed on the weather this week — some who died trying to stay warm in their homes. One family in Houston succumbed to carbon monoxide poisoning from car exhaust in their garage. In another Houston suburb, a grandmother and three of her grandchildren died in a house fire. Although the cause of the fire has yet to be determined, the Houston Chronicle reports that they had been using a fireplace to keep warm after their electricity went out.

The National Weather Service had winter storm warnings in effect in Texas from San Antonio west to the U.S.-Mexico border. Starting on the other side of the state, an unbroken band of warnings also extended for hundreds of miles through northern Louisiana, central Arkansas, parts of Mississippi, Tennessee, Kentucky, North Carolina, Virginia, West Virginia, western Maryland, Pennsylvania and New Jersey.

Heavy snow and ice are expected Thursday in the Appalachians, northern Maryland and southern Pennsylvania, the National Weather Service said.

Meanwhile, in Oregon, where winter weather advisories still cover much of the state, more than 100,000 customers were still without electricity a week after outages began. The Associated Press reports that a Portland supermarket that had been without electricity tossed perishable food into dumpsters, leading to a clash between scavengers and police.

"These are the most dangerous conditions we've ever seen in the history of PGE," said Dale Goodman, director of utility operations at Portland General Electric. He declined to predict when all customers would have power restored, the AP said.

Louisiana Gov. John Bel Edwards requested a presidential emergency declaration on Wednesday evening.

In Shreveport, La., local officials were warning residents that it might be Saturday before water service, cut off due to the winter storms, is fully restored. In Lake Charles, in Louisiana's southwest, Mayor Nic Hunter said Wednesday that water was scarce and that hospitals there might need to transfer patients out.

Arkansas State Police said Wednesday afternoon that there had been 22 weather-related road accidents along a 30-mile stretch of I-40, which runs through Little Rock.

In Lexington, Ky., residents reported that with more snow and sleet expected, many side streets had yet to be cleared from earlier this week and attention was likely to shift again to major roads.

"The roads look like they haven't even been touched," resident Stacy Hoskins told WKYT News. "[If] you haven't been out clearing already then you're not going anywhere."

The Texas Commission on Environmental Quality reported on Wednesday that 332 local water systems across the state, 276 issued boil-water notices to make tap water safe to drink. LM Otero/AP hide caption

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LM Otero/AP

The Texas Commission on Environmental Quality reported on Wednesday that 332 local water systems across the state, 276 issued boil-water notices to make tap water safe to drink.

LM Otero/AP

Without power to run water treatment plants, city and state officials across Texas are pleading with residents to conserve water and are issuing boil-water notices.

The warnings not to consume water out of the tap began in many places as early as Monday, but as of Wednesday night many municipalities had expanded those orders as the state grapples with the ongoing weather, energy and water crises that have placed unprecedented strain on the state's entire power grid.

"As of noon today, there were 332 local water systems reporting impacts in 110 counties across the state, 276 issued boil water notices," Toby Baker, who heads the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality, said during a Wednesday press briefing, NPR member station KERA reported.

That means about 7 million people in Texas, including residents of Houston, Arlington, Fort Worth and Tyler, need to boil their water to ensure it's safe to drink.

"The water pressure is below levels that are required by the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality, TCEQ, and that water pressure maintains optimal safety for the water," LouAnn Campbell, a public information officer for Public Works and Utilities with the City of Tyler, said Wednesday.

She added: "We can't meet that pressure, so that's why we have to have a boil water notice."

Austin Water, which operates that city's water and wastewater utility, is trying to avoid a citywide boil warning, though it did issue a notice to some parts of the city "as a precautionary measure."

In a tweet, Austin Water said the utility company "has not detected contaminants in the water we are providing."

Some customers in south Austin complained they had lost all water access. One woman tweeted her frustration to the company, writing, " Customers in this area have been without water for up to 13 hours already and austin water won't seem to acknowledge this."

Another man wrote, "No water at all - would like some communication as to why the water is completely shut off for south/ southwest Austin?"

Meanwhile, Austin Water is requiring mandatory conservation measures and urging residents to limit water use to essential needs. It's also provided an instructional video for residents on how to properly make the water safe to drink or cook.

In San Antonio, officials have made boiling water a voluntary measure that is expected to be in effect for several days.

As Texas Public Radio reports, "The notice comes as residents across San Antonio experience frozen pipes, lack of water pressure, and overall service outages."

While much of the city still has drinkable water running through its pipes there are some areas that have low pressure — making the water unsafe — or lost service, according to San Antonio Water System.

SAWS officials said problems with power outages will likely continue through Saturday.

But even after normal power levels are restored, customers should expect problems with water pressure to continue, Steve Clouse, SAWS's chief operating officer said on Wednesday.

Back-to-back record-breaking winter storms with temperatures sometimes dropping into the single digits have slammed into Oklahoma, causing rolling blackouts and water shortages, and making roads nearly impossible to navigate in some areas.

Throughout Cherokee Nation tribal lands in the northeastern part of the state where more than 141,000 Cherokee Nation citizens reside, the freezing temperatures have left some of the most vulnerable people facing dire conditions for much of the week.

Principal Chief Chuck Hoskin Jr. told NPR, he and other tribal leaders have been prioritizing the needs of elders and other financially insecure members of the community across the sprawling reservation.

"Some of our population lives marginally, so many or our people cannot ride out a storm like this," Hoskin said, noting that the tribal lands are served by a "mix of public utilities."

Over the past week, temperatures have dropped down to the single digits in some areas and the wind chill makes it unbearable in many older homes with poor insulation, he added.

Hoskin said some pockets, including Dry Creek, have had their water systems go down completely. "And elders, in particular, who have older homes have had their pipes frozen."

"That's who we're trying to help right now," Hoskin said.

He said crews are working to deliver bottled water to those areas. Others, including himself, are scrambling to find space heaters to deliver to those stuck inside near-freezing homes.

Hoskin said he and Deputy Principal Chief Bryan Warner are "looking high and low ... going through our offices today to pull space heaters to get them out to elders."

So far, he estimates they've delivered up to 100.

Some tribal health facilities have also been forced to shut down since frigid temperatures struck the region. That means special crews have been mobilized "to get people their medicine."

"We're taking people to their appointments and to get dialysis treatments," he added.

Urgent care facilities and the reservation's primary hospital have remained open. Health officials plan to reopen the smaller clinics by the afternoon on Thursday. And he hopes the Cherokee Nation will be able to resume its COVID-19 vaccination program before the end of the week.

The tribe's economy has also suffered a major blow due to the storm. All 10 of the reservation's casinos have been shuttered as well as three hotels.

"They've all been shut down and employees are staying home," Hoskin said, noting that the 5,000 employees who work at the facilities are still getting paid while they wait out the bitter weather.

"The Cherokee people have been through a lot and we'll get through this, too," Hoskin said.

Some of the thousands of cold-stunned sea turtles rescued in South Padre Island, Texas. Volunteers are continuing to rescue the creatures amid freezing temperatures and widespread power outages. Sanjuana C. Zavala/Sea Turtle, Inc. hide caption

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Sanjuana C. Zavala/Sea Turtle, Inc.

Some of the thousands of cold-stunned sea turtles rescued in South Padre Island, Texas. Volunteers are continuing to rescue the creatures amid freezing temperatures and widespread power outages.

Sanjuana C. Zavala/Sea Turtle, Inc.

Volunteers in coastal Texas have rescued thousands of sea turtles from frigid waters and shores during the historic winter storm and are working creatively to house them as much of the region remains without power.

Sea Turtle, Inc., a nonprofit education, rehabilitation and conservation organization in South Padre Island, Texas, has taken in nearly 4,500 sea turtles since Sunday, according to Executive Director Wendy Knight. She told NPR that local volunteers have been retrieving the turtles by boat and on foot and that the organization has been able to accommodate them with assistance from the community, including from the local government and SpaceX, which has a launch site nearby.

"The love and support of people who just want to help things that can't help themselves is overwhelming," Knight said.

As of Wednesday morning, Knight said, the floor of Sea Turtle, Inc.'s facility was covered in bins containing some 500 rescues. The city's Convention and Visitors Bureau donated the use of the South Padre Island Convention Centre, which Knight said is currently housing the other approximately 4,000 in a combination of tarps, kiddie pools and boxes "lined up tip to toe."

The persistent cold temperatures mean more turtles will likely arrive throughout the day, prompting the need to spill over into a third storage facility, according to Knight. And with more bad weather on the way, she estimates the first turtles ready to return to the water won't be released until Saturday.

The coldblooded creatures are particularly vulnerable to the extreme weather since they are unable to regulate their own body temperature. When water temperatures drop below approximately 50 degrees, sea turtles remain awake but lose the ability to move, a condition called a "cold stun" that often leads to death by injury, stranding or drowning.

The five species of sea turtle found in Texas are all considered either threatened or endangered, according to the U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service.

Knight called this week "the Armageddon of all cold stuns," noting that while the group prepares for cold stuns annually, it does not typically expect to be without power at the same time.

"We have exacerbated a once-in-a-few-decade experience by a holdback of the power grid and a holdback of our electric support," she said.

The facility is permanently home to five sea turtles that are not fit to be released into the wild (including one with a prosthetic fin) and was also housing some 35 sick or injured turtles when the power went out at 2 a.m. on Sunday, according to Knight. The water in the tanks began to cool, and she said it has been an "uphill battle" trying to keep the sea turtles alive while waiting for power to be restored.

And that's not including the thousands of turtles that have been rescued since.

Knight estimates that some 2,200 turtles were brought in during the first two days of the storm, mostly by alert community members who went out in their boats — from recreational boats to fishing vessels to dinner cruise boats — to help pull the island's famous creatures out of the water. The tide has increasingly pushed the turtles ashore, and volunteers are continuing to pick them up and drive them to the facility in trucks and trailers, she said.

Many of the rescued turtles have been on the larger side, she added — one in particular is 150 years old and about 400 pounds.

At the start of every cold stun season, the organization, which has some 30 employees and 500 registered volunteers, does outreach and trainings in which it teaches potential rescuers how to interact with the sea turtles. Knight noted that this season's training had already taken place, albeit virtually because of the coronavirus pandemic.

Community members have shown their support for the efforts in several other ways. People have offered up their personal generators, and the City Council built platforms to store the turtles, Knight said.

Another game-changing development came on Tuesday night, when officials from SpaceX showed up to deliver the specific and massive type of commercial generator needed to host electrical services for the nonprofit's education center, residence center, clinic and hospital.

Sea Turtle, Inc.'s relationship with the company dates back several years, Knight explained, adding that SpaceX's Boca Chica launch site is visible from the facility across the skyline. She said the two have collaborated on research and training related to turtle conservation on the beach, and officials from the company reached out on Monday to ask how they could help.

"Like a ray from heaven, yesterday at 7:30 p.m. the site director and operations manager for SpaceX Boca Chica and two electricians and engineers from SpaceX showed up on our property with the largest generator I've ever seen," Knight said. "And at 1:30 a.m. this morning, we turned the lights and the power on."

(Trained SpaceX employees have also rescued some 850 of the turtles, Knight said, initially storing them in their gymnasium while coordinating transportation. SpaceX did not respond to a request for comment in time for publication.)

But the cold stun event and power outage continue, and Knight said the process of dealing with it all has been "one step forward, four steps back."

While restoring the facility's power, light and heat, the team discovered that the prolonged outage had blown out all of its heaters and chillers. Knight said that SpaceX is looking into temporary fixes and that "Plan F" of their contingency plan involves heating up all of the hospital tanks and moving the resident turtles — between 150 and 300 pounds — into smaller tanks there.

In the long term, she said, some turtles will likely be slow or unable to recover from the cold stun. Still, she notes, a mass release of this many turtles, when the conditions are right, will be "unprecedented."

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