A scene from MTV Shuga: Down South, the new season of the soap opera that's filming in South Africa this year. Courtesy of Staying Alive Foundation Inc. hide caption

Opana ER was reformulated to make it harder to crush and snort, but people abusing the drug turned to injecting it instead. And that fueled an HIV outbreak in Indiana. Rich Pedroncelli/AP hide caption

The Golden Age Of Germs Xaver Xylophon/for NPR hide caption

A large collage decorates a wall of one exam room at the Haight Ashbury Free Medical Clinic in San Francisco, Calif. Dr. David Smith, founder of the clinic, says patients and staff call the mural the Psychedelic Wall of Fame. Heidi de Marco/Kaiser Health News hide caption

Truvada, when taken daily, can vastly reduce the risk of getting HIV in people at high risk. Jeff Chiu/AP hide caption

A young woman is tested for HIV at a health clinic in Uganda. During the presidency of George W. Bush, the U.S. substantially ramped up spending on HIV/AIDS programs abroad — a commitment that retains strong bipartisan support to this day. Per-Anders Pettersson/Getty Images hide caption

Men protesting in support of more money for AIDS research marched down Fifth Avenue during the 14th annual Lesbian and Gay Pride parade in New York in 1983. Mario Suriani/AP hide caption

Once-a-day HIV pills that combine multiple medicines, such as Truvada, are easier to take, but they can be more expensive than pills that contain only one active ingredient. Justin Sullivan/Getty Images hide caption

Woman holding the dapivirine vaginal ring. Andrew Loxley/International Partnership for Microbicides hide caption

Randy Curtis has hemophilia. These days he regularly injects the clotting factor treatments he needs from home, as a relatively easy way of preventing the episodes of catastrophic bleeding that plagued him as a child. Lesley McClurg/KQED hide caption

Cancer treatment for people infected with HIV has lagged behind the need. Endai Huedl/fstop/Getty Images hide caption

Cassandra Steptoe (center) rehearses a performance with fellow actresses as part of The Medea Project, in San Francisco. Steptoe wrote and performs an autobiographical monologue in the production about being HIV-positive. Farida Jhabvala Romero/KQED hide caption

"Everyone that's in there right now has probably done it," Clyde Polly says about Opana injections at his home. Seth Herald for NPR hide caption