King Remembered on 40th Anniversary of Death
The Rev. Joseph Lowery (shown here in 2006) helped found the Southern Christian Leadership Conference with the Rev. Martin Luther King Jr. John Amis/AP File Photo hide caption
The Rev. Joseph Lowery (shown here in 2006) helped found the Southern Christian Leadership Conference with the Rev. Martin Luther King Jr.
John Amis/AP File PhotoThe assassination of the Rev. Martin Luther King Jr. on April 4, 1968, forever changed the widening struggle for civil rights. Details of the day reveal why King was in Memphis, what was happening with the movement and King's mindset in the hours before he was killed.
The Rev. Joseph Lowery, one of King's contemporaries, reflects on the man behind the myth. Seven years King's senior, Lowery first met him in the early 1950s at a seminar in Boston.
"I thought he was just another loud-mouthed Baptist preacher. But it was clear not long after you got talking with Martin that he was special," Lowery, a Methodist minister, says.
Lowery helped lead the Montgomery bus boycott, and in 1957, founded the Southern Christian Leadership Conference with King.
He last saw King alive in March 1968 in Birmingham, Ala. Lowery was on a train from Nashville to Birmingham when King was killed. He shares memories of his friend and colleague.
Remembering MLK's Prophetic 'Mountaintop' Speech
The Rev. Martin Luther King Jr. delivers his last public address, at the Mason Temple, a Pentecostal church in Memphis, Tenn., April 3, 1968, the night before his assassination. Bettmann/Corbis hide caption
The Rev. Martin Luther King Jr. delivers his last public address, at the Mason Temple, a Pentecostal church in Memphis, Tenn., April 3, 1968, the night before his assassination.
Bettmann/CorbisKing's Final Speech
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The Rev. Samuel Billy Kyles was in the Memphis church where King delivered his last speech. Brooks Kraft/Corbis hide caption
The Rev. Samuel Billy Kyles was in the Memphis church where King delivered his last speech.
Brooks Kraft/CorbisMore from 1968
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On April 3, 1968, the Rev. Martin Luther King Jr. delivered his final public speech. In a crowded church in Memphis, Tenn., King spoke of the injustice felt by the city's sanitation workers, who were on strike protesting low pay and poor working conditions.
But, speaking hours before his assassination, the civil rights leader went beyond that subject, touching on death and his own mortality.
"There had been so many death threats against his life, especially since he had come out against the war in Vietnam," says the Rev. Samuel Billy Kyles, who was listening to King just a few feet away. "But he talked about death more that night than we'd heard him talk about it in a long while."
'Glad You Didn't Sneeze'
In 1958, King was stabbed in the chest with a letter opener by a deranged woman while autographing copies of his first book in a Harlem department store. The tip of the blade came so close to his aorta that his doctor said a sneeze would have killed King. While he was recovering, King received a letter from a teenage girl, who wrote, "I'm so glad you didn't sneeze."
Ten years later, in the speech at the Mason Temple, King took up that theme, saying if he had sneezed, he would not have been around in 1960, when students began sitting-in at lunch counters, or in subsequent years to see the freedom riders, the march in Selma and other key events in the civil rights movement.
The passage brought the crowd to its feet.
'He Took Us to the Mountaintop'
"Many of us, grown men, were crying," Kyles tells Renee Montagne. "We didn't know why we were crying. We had no way of knowing that would be the last speech of his life. And then he took us to the mountaintop ..."
"Well, I don't know what will happen now. We've got some difficult days ahead. But it really doesn't matter with me now, because I've been to the mountaintop. And I don't mind. Like anybody, I would like to live a long life — longevity has its place. But I'm not concerned about that now. I just want to do God's will. And He's allowed me to go up to the mountain. And I've looked over, and I've seen the Promised Land. I may not get there with you. But I want you to know tonight, that we, as a people, will get to the promised land. So I'm happy, tonight. I'm not worried about anything, I'm not fearing any man. Mine eyes have seen the glory of the coming of the Lord." — the Rev. Martin Luther King Jr.
Kyles says he's "so certain" that King "knew he wouldn't get there, but he wouldn't tell us that. That would have been too heavy for us, so he softened it."
Afterward, "we had to help him to his seat behind that powerful, prophetic speech," Kyles says.
"He preached himself through the fear of death," Kyles says. "He just got it out of him. He just ... dealt with it. And we were just standing there. It was like, what did he know that we didn't know?"
A Dream Partially Fulfilled
Kyles, who still preaches in Memphis, says that while much of King's dream has been realized, there's much more to do.
When he speaks to people who were not alive or too young to remember King, Kyle says he tells them, "we're not going to get to the place where we can say, 'Dr. King's dream has been realized. Now we can go to the beach.' That's not going to happen. Much of it has been realized, but there is so much to do. But each generation will have its portion, and that helps to keep the dream alive."