SCOTT SIMON, HOST:
This is WEEKEND EDITION, from NPR News. I'm Scott Simon. The Texas State Senate last night passed sweeping legislation that's become a flashpoint in the national abortion debate. Gov. Rick Perry is expected to sign the bill soon, but the fight is not over; it will certainly be challenged in federal court.
As NPR's John Burnett reports, abortion rights advocates consider Texas' conservative appeals court to be hostile territory.
JOHN BURNETT, BYLINE: Abortion rights supporters say the new law attempts to overturn Roe v. Wade in Texas, and that's why they plan to take their fight to the courts.
ELIZABETH NASH: And what this does is completely reshape the abortion landscape in the state.
BURNETT: Elizabeth Nash follows state issues at the Guttmacher Institute, an abortion rights research group.
NASH: With this legislation, Texas will become one of the most restrictive states in the country. And Texas really matters.
BURNETT: First, Texas is the second-most populous state in the nation - with four major cities, and 5 and a half million women of reproductive age. It also has one of the highest teen pregnancy rates in the nation. And symbolically, Texas was home to Jane Roe, whose fight for a legal abortion went all the way to the Supreme Court, which decided in 1973 that abortion is a woman's fundamental right under the Constitution.
The new law is a catchall. It has four different components: Abortion doctors must get admitting privileges at nearby hospitals; abortion clinics must upgrade to surgical centers; abortion-inducing pills can only be taken when a physician is present; and abortions would be banned 20 weeks after fertilization.
All of these measures have been passed piecemeal in other states, where the Center for Reproductive Rights has fought them, says Julie Rikelman, the group's litigation director.
JULIE RIKELMAN: This law can absolutely be stopped. It is a cocktail of restrictions that have been blocked by other courts around the country. It's clearly unconstitutional, and I do believe that courts will find it to be unconstitutional, if it's challenged.
BURNETT: In terms of precedence, Rikelman says there's a temporary injunction on forcing abortion facilities to upgrade to surgical clinics, in Kansas; courts have blocked the requirement that abortion providers gain hospital admitting privileges, in Mississippi, Alabama and Wisconsin; and courts have blocked the 20-week abortion ban, in Arizona, Idaho and Georgia. But none of these cases was in the United States Court of Appeals that covers Texas.
JOE POJMAN: Their optimism may be poorly founded in the Fifth Circuit.
BURNETT: Joe Pojman is executive director of Texas Alliance for Life, which has backed the anti-abortion bill from the beginning.
POJMAN: In Texas, we have had a very good track record of our abortion regulations and limits being reviewed and upheld by the Fifth Circuit. I just point out to - most recently, our statute passed two years ago.
BURNETT: In 2011, the Center for Reproductive Rights appealed a Texas law that requires a doctor to ask a woman to see a sonogram, and hear the heartbeat, of the fetus before her abortion can be performed. Three appellate judges in the Fifth Circuit upheld it.
Republicans, who dominate the legislature and passed the new abortion rules, insist they're only trying to improve standards at abortion facilities and safeguard women's health. Democrats insist - with equal fervor - that their colleagues are trying to make it harder and harder to obtain a legal abortion in Texas. Spectators are more plainspoken about what they hope the new law accomplishes. Joan Hillman is a retired nurse from Houston, who came to the Capitol on Friday to show her support for the anti-abortion bill.
JOAN HILLMAN: Well, hopefully, if it doesn't stop the abortion, it will at least slow the abortions down. I think we're killing our next generation.
BURNETT: Weary state troopers, for one, are glad the Texas abortion battle now moves out of the state Capitol. Stern officers were posted everywhere in the past two weeks, to monitor the emotional protesters who had converged on the pink granite Capitol to make their voices heard.
John Burnett, NPR News, Austin.
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